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"type": "dialface",
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"General Information": {
"DOI": "10.17171/1-1-3006",
"Title": "Dialface ID 484",
"Creator": "Berlin Sundial Collaboration",
"Publisher": "Edition Topoi",
"Publication Year": "2014",
"Subtitle": "Grottaferrata, Inv. Nr. 1217",
"Description": "Information on the Dialface ID 484 / Object ID 264"
},
"Technical characteristics": {
"Collection": "Ancient Sundials",
"Contributor Name": "Gerd Graßhoff, Elisabeth Rinner",
"Contributor Type": "Editor",
"Resource Type": "Dataset",
"Date (Update)": "2014"
},
"Specific attributes": {
"Origin / Holder object": "Museo Nazionale dell'Abbazia di San Nilo",
"Inventory Number": "1217",
"Holder digital source": "Exzellenzcluster 264 – Topoi"
},
"Conditions for use": {
"Rights": "Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 3.0 DE"
},
"Annotations": {
"Subjects": "History of Science, Archaeology",
"Version": "1"
},
"References": [
{
"type": "book",
"id": "Gibbs1976",
"citekey": "Gibbs1976",
"collection": "repository",
"title": "Greek and Roman Sundials",
"address": "New Haven and London",
"year": "1976",
"author": [
{
"name": "Gibbs, Sharon L."
}
],
"publisher": "Yale University Press",
"publisher-place": "New Haven and London",
"pages": "p. 366 f."
},
{
"type": "incollection",
"id": "Bonanome2008",
"citekey": "Bonanome2008",
"collection": "repository",
"title": "Div.",
"year": "2008",
"booktitle": "Sculture antiche nell’Abbazia di Grottaferrata",
"address": "Rome",
"author": [
{
"name": "Bonanome, Daniela"
}
],
"pages": "no. 208."
},
{
"type": "book",
"id": "Winter2013",
"citekey": "Winter2013",
"collection": "repository",
"title": "Zeitzeichen. Zur Entwicklung und Verwendung antiker Zeitmesser",
"address": "Berlin and Boston",
"year": "2013",
"series": "Urban Spaces",
"author": [
{
"name": "Winter, Eva"
}
],
"editor": [
{
"name": "Muth, Susanne"
},
{
"name": "Trimble, Jennifer"
},
{
"name": "Wulf-Rheidt, Ulrike"
}
],
"pages": "521."
},
{
"type": "book",
"id": "Bonnin2015",
"citekey": "Bonnin2015",
"collection": "repository",
"title": "La Mesure du temps dans l'Antiquité",
"address": "Paris",
"year": "2015",
"author": [
{
"name": "Bonnin, Jérôme"
}
],
"pages": "A 151."
}
]
},
"origin_entry_num": 262,
"holder_id": "ItalyGrottaferrata",
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"material_id": 66,
"references_citations": [
"\\cite{Gibbs1976}, p. 366 f.; plates 60 (East) and 61 (West).",
"\\cite{Severino_Adam2004}, p. 107.",
"\\cite{Bonanome2008}, no. 208.",
"\\cite{Winter2013}, 521.",
"\\cite{Bonnin2015}, A 151."
],
"version_date": "20140917",
"dating_str": "1st cent. BCE",
"site_filter_key": "unknown",
"holder_filter_key": "italy/grottaferrata",
"version_num": 1,
"obj_descr": "Gibbs: Lost; Photographs of this dial (negative numbers 54820 and 54821) indicate that it consists of a vertical disk facing east and west. Unfortunately attempts to locate it in the museum´s study collection on the summer of 1971 were unsuccessful. Bonanome: It is disc-shaped with two flat surfaces, only slightly raised with respect to the outer rim. The corbel at the base gives its vertical position, and there is still a trace of the sockets used to secure it to an underlying support – now lost – to assure elevation and visibility. The flat surfaces of this solar instrument have been carved and “rubricated” (i.e., coloured in red) to make their reading easier, since they acted as sequential dials. This means that a dial is designed to be faced to the East, in order to show the morning hours, whereas the other is faced to the West and shows the afternoon hours.; Adam/Severino: Three day curves and six hour lines (including horizon line) are visible.",
"site_id": 0,
"material_filter_key": "marble/proconnesian",
"type_filter_key": "plane/planar_vertical_plane",
"dating_filter_key": [
"1st_ce",
"1st_bce"
],
"obj_id": 264,
"type_id": 25,
"siteSpecific": "Abbazia di San Nilo",
"df_descr": "Bonanome: The flat surfaces of this solar instrument have been carved and rubricated (i.e., colored in red) to make their reading easier, since they acted as sequential dials. This means that a dial is designed to be faced to the East, in order to show the morning hours, whereas the other is faced to the West and shows the afternoon hours. On both surfaces, a mirrored pattern of vertical and horizontal lines called analemma reproduces the part of the daylight hours corresponding to the East and West cardinal points. The line AEB marks the horizon, from where three different lines start. Two lateral hyperbolas, slightly declining, AA and BB mark the course of time during the solstitial period: it is shorter in the summer solstice (AA) around the 21st June, when the sun is on the highest point above the horizon, and longer in the winter solstice (BB), around the 23rd December, when the sun is on the lowest point above the horizon. Between those two lines there is the equinoctial line (EEE), relating to the days of the spring equinox of the 21st March, and to the autumnal equinox of the 23rd September. This line is more or less inclined depending on the cardinal point the dial is facing. The six horizontal secant lines, starting from AEB and ending to AEB, after being calibrated on the Eastern and Western dials, mark the six sectors in which the hours are divided: in ante meridiem (a.m.) and post meridiem (p.m.) respectively. As we can see in the drawing, these six lines marking the passing of time are more clustered near the noon line because the sun moves slower in that phase. Therefore, the hour could be read looking at the tip of the shadow cast on the dial by the gnomon or style (that is the metallic element placed in a pre-arranged point of the analemma) which follows the motion of the sun across the sky. To determine the length, the position (orthogonal or inclined), the insertion point of the gnomon along the line AEB which marks the horizon, and to draw the declining segments crossed by the secant lines of the hours of the analemma, complex gnomonic calculations are required. In the sundial we are discussing on, two gnomons have been placed halfway along the horizontal line AEB. Of these gnomons, only the pins still inserted in the marble slab and the lead used to solder them remain visible. Another characteristic of this sundial is the presence of a third gnomon. Similarly to the two other, it is marked by the soldering lead still present on the outer rim of the marble frame. Its insertion angle is particularly acute, probably due to the need of being in axis with the sun at noon of the equinoctial days. This, in turn, was probably devised to make calibration and periodic checks of the instrument easier. However, at a closer examination, one can see that in the insertion point of this gnomon two straight carved lines intersect. They were once rubricated and are perpendicular: the vertical line is longer than the horizontal one because the dial border does not limit it. One can also see that the horizontal line must have continued to be overlapped onto the horizontal line of the Eastern analemma. Vice versa, the latter should have continued to reach the unfortunately damaged horizontal line of the Western dial. Since the point where the lines on the rim intersect is exactly the same as that of the third gnomon, it is more correct to believe that this system could have been used to follow the motion of the gnomons shadow from one dial to the other. In other words, this system gave the observer the opportunity to read the time from below also during the delicate passage from the ante meridiem to the post meridiem position of the sun.",
"references_bibliography": [
"\\cite{Gibbs1976}",
"\\cite{Severino_Adam2004}",
"\\cite{Bonanome2008}",
"\\cite{Winter2013}",
"\\cite{Bonnin2015}"
],
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"General Information": {
"Title": "Image of Dialfaces ID 276 /322 / 484",
"Creator": "Berlin Sundial Collaboration",
"Subtitle": "Grottaferrata",
"Description": "Photographs of the sundial in the Museo di San Nilo, (object-ID 264 in the database on Greek and Roman sundials BSDP0001). Camera: Nikon D5100; date: 28.03.2014.",
"Publisher": "Edition Topoi",
"Publication Year": "2015"
},
"Technical characteristics": {
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"Contributor Name": "Gerd Graßhoff, Elisabeth Rinner",
"Contributor Type": "Editor",
"Resource Type": "Image",
"Tools": "Digilib",
"Date (Update)": "2013"
},
"Specific Attributes": {
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"Inventory Number": "None",
"Holder digital source": "Exzellenzcluster 264 – Topoi",
"Alternate Identifier": "ObjID 264",
"Related Identifier": "BSDP0431"
},
"Conditions for use": {
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"Annotations": {
"Subjects": "101 Ancient Cultures, 102 History",
"Version": "1"
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"resources": [
{
"metadata": {
"General Information": {
"DOI": "10.17171/1-1-3000"
},
"Technical characteristics": {
"Format": "NXS",
"Size": "1.8MB"
}
},
"file": "ObjID264.nxs",
"name": "",
"size_bytes": 1885440,
"id": 0,
"alternative_files": [
"ObjID264.ply"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"General Information": {
"Title": "3D-Model of Dialfaces ID 276 / 322 / 484",
"Creator": "Berlin Sundial Collaboration",
"Subtitle": "Grottaferrata",
"Description": "3D Model of the sundial in the Museo Archaeologico Nazionale - Abbazia di San Nilo, Grottaferrata, Italy (object-ID 264 in the database on Greek and Roman sundials BSDP0001); date: March 2014.",
"Publisher": "Edition Topoi",
"Publication Year": "2015"
},
"Technical characteristics": {
"Collection": "Ancient Sundials",
"Contributor Name": "Gerd Graßhoff, Elisabeth Rinner",
"Contributor Type": "Editor",
"Resource Type": "3D-Model",
"Tools": "3DHOP",
"Date (Update)": "2013"
},
"Specific Attributes": {
"Origin / Holder object": "Abbazia di San Nilo, Grottaferrata",
"Inventory Number": "None",
"Holder digital source": "Exzellenzcluster 264 – Topoi",
"Alternate Identifier": "ObjID 264",
"Related Identifier": "BSDP0378"
},
"Conditions for use": {
"Rights": "Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 3.0 DE"
},
"Annotations": {
"Subjects": "101 Ancient Cultures, 102 History",
"Version": "1"
}
},
"sci_version": "2.0",
"assoc_obj_id": 484,
"tool": "/TOOLS/3DHP0004/3DHOP.sCi",
"resources_baseurl": "BSDP/ReposBSDP/BSDP0431"
}
}
}
}
}