{
  "387": {
    "_id": "dialface-387",
    "_rev": "2-19559b61413867807e42e547c25c5d7f",
    "id": 387,
    "type": "dialface",
    "thumb_baseurl": null,
    "metadata": {
      "General Information": {
        "DOI": "10.17171/1-1-3710",
        "Title": "Dialface ID 387",
        "Creator": "Berlin Sundial Collaboration",
        "Publisher": "Edition Topoi",
        "Publication Year": "2014",
        "Subtitle": "Unknown, Inv. Nr. 79-OR-167",
        "Description": "Information on the Dialface ID 387 / Object ID 347"
      },
      "Technical characteristics": {
        "Collection": "Ancient Sundials",
        "Contributor Name": "Gerd Graßhoff, Elisabeth Rinner",
        "Contributor Type": "Editor",
        "Resource Type": "Dataset",
        "Date (Update)": "2014"
      },
      "Specific attributes": {
        "Origin / Holder object": "None",
        "Inventory Number": "79-OR-167",
        "Holder digital source": "Exzellenzcluster 264 – Topoi"
      },
      "Conditions for use": {
        "Rights": "Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 3.0 DE"
      },
      "Annotations": {
        "Subjects": "History of Science, Archaeology",
        "Version": "1"
      },
      "References": [
        {
          "type": "book",
          "id": "Mertens1995",
          "citekey": "Mertens1995",
          "collection": "repository",
          "title": "Herdonia - scoperta di una città",
          "address": "Santo Spirito Bari",
          "year": "1995",
          "volume": "1",
          "series": "Bibliotheca archaeologica (Bari, Italy)",
          "author": [
            {
              "name": "Mertens, Joseph"
            },
            {
              "name": "de Ruyt, Claire"
            }
          ],
          "editor": [
            {
              "name": "Edipuglia, "
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "incollection",
          "id": "Scheidt1997",
          "citekey": "Scheidt1997",
          "collection": "repository",
          "title": "Die azentrische sphärische Sonnenuhr aus Herdonia. Eine Analyse des Fragments 79-OR-167",
          "year": "1997",
          "booktitle": "Ordona, 9. Rapports et études",
          "volume": "34",
          "series": "Études de Philologie, d'Archéologie et d'Histoire Anciennes",
          "pages": "p. 2, fig. 1, p. 8, p. 15, fig. 6, p. 16, fig. 7, 8, p. 17, fig. 9-10, p. 19, tab. 1.",
          "address": "Bruxelles and Rome",
          "author": [
            {
              "name": "Scheidt, Walter"
            }
          ],
          "publisher": "Mertens, J.",
          "publisher-place": "Bruxelles and Rome"
        }
      ]
    },
    "origin_entry_num": 336,
    "holder_id": 0,
    "scis": {},
    "material_id": 71,
    "references_citations": [
      "\\cite{Mertens1995}.",
      "\\cite{Scheidt1997}, p. 2, fig. 1, p. 8, p. 15, fig. 6, p. 16, fig. 7, 8, p. 17, fig. 9-10, p. 19, tab. 1."
    ],
    "version_date": "20140917",
    "dating_str": "2nd cent. BCE",
    "site_filter_key": "unknown",
    "holder_filter_key": "unknown",
    "version_num": 1,
    "obj_descr": "Ab der Stundenlinie für den Anfang der 9. Stunde (s9) bis hoch zur 11. Stunde der Nachtgleiche (Äquinoktium) (e11) ist die (Ost-) Kante der Uhr zerstört. Diese vordere Bruchfläche zeigt keine Flächenbearbeitungsspuren, sodass man von einer ursprünglichen Existenz der gesamten Anzeigefläche bis zur 12. Stunde der SSW (s12 = Horizont der Uhr) ausgehen kann. Eine Nachgravur der Nachtgleiche-Kurve und eine Verlängerung der Stundenlinie 11 (e11) in den oberen Bereich der vorderen Bruchfläche ist offensichtlich, eine weitere Gravur auf der Anzeigefläche findet sich im oberen Teil der Stundenlinie 7. Erhalten ist ein Teil der bearbeiteten Horizontalfläche; mit dieser Fläche als Referenzhorizont der Uhr erhöht sich die Signifikanz der astronomisch-mathematischen Analyse des Fundstücks. Der Sitz des Gnomons (besser zu erkennen in den Abb.7 und 8) zeigt Spuren einer Bearbeitung mit einem hohlkehlartigen Werkzeug. Bleispuren (der Gnomon aus z.B. Bronze wurde meist - wie auch in anderen Technikbereichen die Bronzeklammern zur Fixierung div. Steinverbindungen - mit Blei 'eingeklebt') wurden nicht entdeckt. Da die Seitenflächen und auch der erhaltene Teil der vorderen Front lediglich flächenbearbeitet sind - Dekorationen sind an keiner Stelle erkennbar - kann man auch auf die mögliche Ausführung der fehlenden Basis schließen. ",
    "site_id": 0,
    "material_filter_key": "limestone/crystalline",
    "type_filter_key": "sphere/spherical_hemispherical_noncentral_gnomon_point",
    "dating_filter_key": [
      "2nd_bce",
      "1st_bce"
    ],
    "obj_id": 347,
    "type_id": 13,
    "siteSpecific": "Aug.Reg.II, Apulia",
    "df_descr": "Six (afternoon-)hour lines divide two engraved day curves (winter solstice w and the equinox day curve e) leading to the lower edge (assumed to showing the summer solstice day curve s) of the spherical shadow-receiving surface. The break at the center has destroyed parts of the meridian and parts of the upper edge at the gnomon's origin, respectively. Also destroyed are parts of the ninth, tenth and eleventh hour line as well as parts of the equinox day curve beginning at the tenth hour line. The seventh hour line bears a marking parallel to the day curves. Traces of markings above the winter solstice day curve w on hour line VII and an extension of the hour line IX is visible. The broken right top corner shows a re-engraving of the day curve w and a corresponding extension of the hour line XI, respectively. Parts of the gnomon hole show traces of a working tool like a hollow-round blade. The obvious simple overall design includes a squared back. The (assumably simple sloping) base is missing. Preserved parts of the horizontal surface (reference plane) allow, by extrapolation of the meridian as well as of the day curves to horizontal intersection, a calculation and a reconstruction of the shadow-receiving surface by ancient geometrical construction (Analemma) and modern computer analysis. The fragment 79-OR-167 is part of a non-central spherical sundial with a non-centricity of Z(x) = 0.608 (radius of the sphere 150 mm, active length of the gnomon 91 mm, table 1). Being of average construction quality, the dial shows a construction latitude of 33.6° refering to the day curve e being the day curve for the equinox, and a using (latitude-) range from 31° to 40.5° (gnomon point in the horizontal top plane of the dial) for an obliquity of the ecliptic of 24 degrees (tables 2,3). Though the dial has clearly been designed non-central, the hour distances on the day curves do not follow the mathematical (and analemmatic) construction rules for non-central spherical sundials (Pergamon type, south facing). Despite of all inaccuracies the dial was able to display the time of the day in the ancient Herdonia with an 'average ancient accuracy.'",
    "references_bibliography": [
      "\\cite{Mertens1995}",
      "\\cite{Scheidt1997}"
    ],
    "gibbs_number": "",
    "inventory_num": "79-OR-167",
    "thumb_file": null,
    "hierarchy_entries": [],
    "doi": "10.17171/1-1-3710",
    "holder": {
      "id": 0,
      "longitude": null,
      "department": null,
      "institution": null,
      "country": "Unknown",
      "filter_key": "unknown",
      "city": "Unknown",
      "name": "Unknown",
      "latitude": null
    },
    "material": {
      "id": 71,
      "category": "Limestone",
      "subcategory": "Crystalline",
      "filter_key": "limestone/crystalline"
    },
    "site": {
      "id": 0,
      "country": "Unknown",
      "filter_key": "unknown",
      "latitude": null,
      "longitude": null,
      "city": "Unknown",
      "name": "Unknown, Unknown"
    },
    "type_obj": {
      "id": 13,
      "category": "Sphere",
      "subcategory": "Spherical-hemispherical--noncentral gnomon point",
      "filter_key": "sphere/spherical_hemispherical_noncentral_gnomon_point"
    },
    "resources": []
  }
}