{ "239": { "_id": "dialface-239", "_rev": "2-39370a24b60132b27666d32c818304ba", "id": 239, "type": "dialface", "thumb_baseurl": null, "metadata": { "General Information": { "DOI": "10.17171/1-1-2758", "Title": "Dialface ID 239", "Creator": "Berlin Sundial Collaboration", "Publisher": "Edition Topoi", "Publication Year": "2014", "Subtitle": "Athens", "Description": "Information on the Dialface ID 239 / Object ID 241" }, "Technical characteristics": { "Collection": "Ancient Sundials", "Contributor Name": "Gerd Graßhoff, Elisabeth Rinner", "Contributor Type": "Editor", "Resource Type": "Dataset", "Date (Update)": "2014" }, "Specific attributes": { "Origin / Holder object": "National Archaeological Museum of Athens", "Inventory Number": "", "Holder digital source": "Exzellenzcluster 264 – Topoi" }, "Conditions for use": { "Rights": "Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 3.0 DE" }, "Annotations": { "Subjects": "History of Science, Archaeology", "Version": "1" }, "References": [ { "type": "book", "id": "Delambre1817", "citekey": "Delambre1817", "collection": "repository", "title": "Histoire de l ‘Astronomie Ancienne", "address": "Paris", "year": "1817", "author": [ { "name": "Delambre, Jean-Baptiste Joseph" } ], "pages": "p. 487 ff and plates 11 and 12 (drawings)." }, { "type": "book", "id": "Schaldach2006", "citekey": "Schaldach2006", "collection": "repository", "title": "Die antiken Sonnenuhren Griechenlands. Festland und Peloponnes", "address": "Frankfurt am Main", "year": "2006", "author": [ { "name": "Schaldach, Karlheinz" } ], "pages": "CD, 01" }, { "type": "book", "id": "Gibbs1976", "citekey": "Gibbs1976", "collection": "repository", "title": "Greek and Roman Sundials", "address": "New Haven and London", "year": "1976", "author": [ { "name": "Gibbs, Sharon L." } ], "publisher": "Yale University Press", "publisher-place": "New Haven and London", "pages": "p. 43, 78, 342 ff." }, { "type": "article", "id": "Noble1968", "citekey": "Noble1968", "collection": "repository", "title": "The Water-Clock in the Tower of the Winds", "year": "1968", "author": [ { "name": "Noble, Joseph V." }, { "name": "de Solla Price, Derek J." } ], "journal": { "number": "4", "name": "AJA", "volume": "72", "pages": "345--355" }, "pages": "p. 345 ff, plates 111-118 with photographs." }, { "type": "article", "id": "Robinson1943", "citekey": "Robinson1943", "collection": "repository", "title": "The Tower of the Winds and the Roman Market-Place", "year": "1943", "author": [ { "name": "Robinson, Henry S." } ], "journal": { "number": "3", "name": "AJA", "volume": "47", "pages": "291--305" }, "pages": "p. 291 ff." }, { "type": "book", "id": "Stuart1762", "citekey": "Stuart1762", "collection": "repository", "title": "The Antiquities of Athens", "address": "London", "year": "1762", "author": [ { "name": "Stuart, James" }, { "name": "Revett, Nicholas" } ], "pages": "p. 13 ff (drawings with measurements)." }, { "type": "article", "id": "AlberiAuber2006", "citekey": "AlberiAuber2006", "collection": "repository", "title": "Gli orologi solari della Torre dei Venti a Atene e a Tinos del greco Andronico Cirreste", "year": "2006", "author": [ { "name": "Alberi Auber, Paolo" } ], "journal": { "name": "Archeografo Triestino", "volume": "LXVI", "pages": "1--33" } }, { "type": "book", "id": "Winter2013", "citekey": "Winter2013", "collection": "repository", "title": "Zeitzeichen. Zur Entwicklung und Verwendung antiker Zeitmesser", "address": "Berlin and Boston", "year": "2013", "series": "Urban Spaces", "author": [ { "name": "Winter, Eva" } ], "editor": [ { "name": "Muth, Susanne" }, { "name": "Trimble, Jennifer" }, { "name": "Wulf-Rheidt, Ulrike" } ], "pages": "295-297." }, { "type": "book", "id": "Kienast2014", "citekey": "Kienast2014", "collection": "repository", "title": "Der Turm der Winde in Athen", "address": "Berlin", "year": "2014", "volume": "20", "series": "Archäologische Forschungen", "author": [ { "name": "Kienast, Hermann J." } ] } ] }, "origin_entry_num": 239, "holder_id": "GreeceAthens", "scis": {}, "material_id": 57, "references_citations": [ "\\cite{DA}, vol. 3, p. 259, figure 3887 (drawing).", "\\cite{Delambre1817}, p. 487 ff and plates 11 and 12 (drawings).", "\\cite{Schaldach2006}, CD, 01; p. 61 ff., p. 72 ff., p. 79 f., p. 342 ff.", "\\cite{Gibbs1976}, p. 43, 78, 342 ff.", "\\cite{Noble1968}, p. 345 ff, plates 111-118 with photographs.", "\\cite{Robinson1943}, p. 291 ff.", "\\cite{Stuart1762}, p. 13 ff (drawings with measurements).", "\\cite{AlberiAuber2006}", "\\cite{Winter2013}, 295-297.", "\\cite{Kienast2014}." ], "version_date": "20140917", "dating_str": "1st cent. BCE", "site_filter_key": "unknown", "holder_filter_key": "greece/athens", "version_num": 1, "obj_descr": "Gibbs: The equinox is a horizontal straight line as it should be for all latitudes between equator and pole. As plane sections of sunlight cones, the day curves should be parts of hyperbolas for latitudes above the torrid zone. The curve closest to the projection of the gnomon point on the vertical face is that traced by the shadow of the gnomon point on winter solstice. The day curve at winter solstice is limited by a horizontal line passing through the projection of the gnomon point. In spring and summer, the shadow of a gnomon point will fall on a south-facing vertical dial for only part of the day. An additional north-facing vertical dial with its own gnomon point is required for marking some of the seasonal hours between the spring and autumn equinox. It seems likely that the designer of the south (and north) face of the Tower of Winds determind the pattern of hour lines and day curves by constructing seasonal hour points on the dial face and joining them. The Ptolemaic coordinates relevant to the construction of prime vertical sundials are the vertical and horarius arcs. (p. 43) If the vertical dials on the eight sides of Andronicus' Tower of Winds in Athens were engraved at the time the tower was built, they belong to the first century B.C. (p.78 f) Some time during the first century B.C. Andronicus Cyrrhestes designed and built an octagonal tower on which eight planar sundials are visible today (see Vitruvius, De architectura I, 6.4). The dials face the principal points of the compass. (p. 342) Schaldach: Achteckiges Gebäude. Unter einem flachen Pyramidendach befinden sich durch ihre Namen gekennzeichnet - die Reliefs der Windgötter, männliche geflügelte Wesen, die sich dem Betrachter im Halbprofil zuwenden. Darunter ist auf jeder Wand über ihre gesamte Breite das Liniennetz einer Vertikaluhr aufgetragen. Der Bau ist, mit einer Höhe von13,5 m und einer Wandbreite von 3,3 m auf jeder Seite, über einer dreistufigen Krepis äußerst präzise nach den Himmelsrichtungen orientiert. An der NO- und NW-Seite sind die beiden Eingänge mit kurzen rechteckigen Portikus. Von den drei kleinen Fenstern auf der N-, W- und S-Seite ist keines original. Kernstück der Inneneinrichtung war eine Wasseruhr, von der nur mehr das innere Becken und die Zu- und Ablaufrinnen erkennbar sind.", "site_id": 0, "material_filter_key": "marble/gibbs_schaldach_pentelic", "type_filter_key": "plane/planar_prime_vertical", "dating_filter_key": [ "1st_ce", "1st_bce" ], "obj_id": 241, "type_id": 22, "siteSpecific": "Roman Agora", "df_descr": "Gibbs: Gnomon hole is visible along meridian above horizon line. Eleven hour lines and three day curves are preserved. An allegorical relief and the Greek inscription νòτος are visible above the dial face. Schaldach: Das Befestigungsloch für den Gnomon befindet sich in der Symmetrieachse der Zeichnung über dem Sims, der die Uhren von den Reliefs der Windgötter abgrenzt. Zum Sonnenaufgang fällt die Schattenspitze des Gnomons auf Fuge 13, vom Betrachter aus gesehen links vom Schattenstab. Fuge 13 steht dort für den Anfang der ersten Stunde. Daran schließt sich gegen den Uhrzeigersinn drehend als weitere Stundenlinie jene an, die das Ende der ersten Stunde markiert. Sie endet an der Kante zu SW-Wand und trifft dort mit der horizontalen Äquinoktiallinie zusammen. Das gleiche Bild zeigt sich an der Kante zur SO-Wand. Hier ist es die Stundenlinie für das Ende der elften Stunde, die auf die Äquinoktiallinie zuläuft. Die Stundenlinien für das Ende der zweiten und dritten, sowie der neunten und zehnten Stunde werden durch die Kanten der Wand begrenzt. Nur die Linien für die vierte bis achte Stunde erstrecken sich vollständig zwischen Winterwendlinie und Sommerwendlinie. Die Größe des Liniennetzes ist eine Folge der Schattenstabslänge. In der Symmetrieachse der Schattenfläche liegt die Mittagslinie, die zugleich das Ende der sechsten und den Beginn der siebten Stunde bedeutet. Die Sonnenuntergangslinie ist die Verlängerung der Sonnenaufgangslinie und liegt rechts vom Schattenstab.", "references_bibliography": [ "\\cite{DA}", "\\cite{Delambre1817}", "\\cite{Gibbs1976}", "\\cite{Noble1968}", "\\cite{Robinson1943}", "\\cite{Schaldach2006}", "\\cite{Stuart1762}", "\\cite{AlberiAuber2006}", "\\cite{Winter2013}", "\\cite{Kienast2014}" ], "gibbs_number": "5001", "inventory_num": "", "thumb_file": null, "hierarchy_entries": [], "doi": "10.17171/1-1-2758", "holder": { "id": "GreeceAthens", "longitude": 23.732, "department": null, "institution": "National Archaeological Museum of Athens", "country": "Greece", "filter_key": "greece/athens", "city": "Athens", "name": "National Archaeological Museum of Athens", "latitude": 37.989 }, "material": { "id": 57, "category": "Marble", "subcategory": "Gibbs:, Schaldach: Pentelic", "filter_key": "marble/gibbs_schaldach_pentelic" }, "site": { "id": 0, "country": "Unknown", "filter_key": "unknown", "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "city": "Unknown", "name": "Unknown, Unknown" }, "type_obj": { "id": 22, "category": "Plane", "subcategory": "Planar-prime vertical", "filter_key": "plane/planar_prime_vertical" }, "resources": [] } }